![]() ![]() Usually the visual acuity would be less than 20/400. Severe macular degeneration: If unilateral and severe, a RAPD can be seen.Retinal detachment: A RAPD can often be seen if the macula is detached, or if at least two quadrants of retina are detached.Ischemic ocular disease ( Ocular ischemic syndrome): This usually arises from obstruction of the ophthalmic or carotid artery on one side.Ischemic retinal disease: Causes include ischemic central retinal vein occlusion, central retinal artery occlusion, severe ischemic branch retinal or arterial occlusions, severe ischemic diabetic or sickle-cell retinopathy.Usually, retinal disease has to be quite severe for an RAPD to be clinically evident. ![]() Retinal Causes of a Relative Afferent Pupillary DefectĪgain, symmetrically bilateral retinal disease will not show a RAPD. ![]()
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